2 Ecology 1 (PDF)




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Title: Chapter 1: Biology
Author: Edward Terzian, Jr.

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Principles of Ecology



Ecology: The study of interactions among
organisms and their environment



Biosphere: The part of the Earth that
sustains life.



Abiotic Factors: Anything that is part of an
organism’s environment, and is not living.




Ex. Wind, water, temperature, soil, sunlight

Biotic Factors:
Anything that is
part of an
organism’s
environment,
and is living.


Ex. Plants, animals, fungi, protists, bacteria



Interactions


Population: members of 1 species that live in
the same place and interbreed.



Community:
Group of interacting
populations




ecosystem -the interactions of the
community and the abiotic factors
Types of ecosystems:



Terrestrial-land
Aquatic-water
Marine-salt water
 Freshwater




Habitat: The place where an organism lives out
its life.




Habitats can change, or even disappear.

Niche: The role a

species plays in its habitat.


Includes how it gets
food, is it food?

Organisms and their Relationships



Species may form relationships with other
species to increase chance of survival
Symbiosisa relationship
between organisms
of different species



Commensalism: a symbiotic
relationship in which one
species benefits and the
other is unaffected.




Spanish moss.

Mutualism: a symbiotic

relationship in which both
species benefit.



Ants and acacia trees,
teeth cleaner birds

Ants and Acacia
Tree Video



Parasitism: a symbiotic
relationship in which
one species benefits
and the other is
harmed.


Ex. Ticks, tapeworms,
tree fungus, diseases.






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