Study of Life (PDF)




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Author: Michael Staats

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Chapter  1.3  –  Studying  Life  
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What  does  biology  mean?  
Bio  –  life      
-­‐ology  –  the  study  of  
The  study  of  living  and  once  living  things  
Biologist  –  one  who  studies  living  things  

CharacterisBcs  of  Living  Things  
"  Most  living  things  
     share  several    
     characterisBcs.  
"  These  characterisBcs  
     include  the  following    
 eight  features:  

CharacterisBcs  of  Living  Things  
Living  things…  
1.  Reproduce  
•  All  organisms  produce  new  
organisms  
•  Occurs  in  different  ways  
(animals  vs.  plants)  
•  Sexual  ReproducBon    
             two  cells  from  different  
parents  
•  Asexual  ReproducBon  
 single  parent  –  cell  divides  in  
half  or  porBon  of  organism  
splits  off  to  form  new  
offspring  

CharacterisBcs  of  Living  Things  
Living  things…    
2.  Grow  and  Develop  
             Growth-­‐  
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Uses  materials  and  energy  from  the  environment  
to  increase  in  size  
All  organisms  grow  
during  at  least  part  of  
their  life  cycle  
Living  things  have  a    
definite  size  and  shape  

CharacterisBcs  of  Living  Things  
•  Development  –  all  

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the  changes  that  
occur  as  a  living  thing  
grows    
(ex.  Frogs)  
Development  is  each  
organism’s    disBnct  
life  cycle  
Living  things  also  have  
a  life  span=  “birth”,  
rapid  growth,  
maturity,  decline  and  
death  

CharacterisBcs  of  Living  Things  
Living  things…  
3.  Need  Materials  and  
Energy  (food)  
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Some  animals  hunt  
others  eat  plants  
others  eat  both  

CharacterisBcs  of  Living  Things  
Use  energy  
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Energy  –  the  ability  to  do  work  

How  do  living  things  get  energy  from  food?  
Cellular  respira9on  –  the  process  by  which  food  is  
broken  down  and  energy  is  released  
–  Oxygen  is  used;    
Water,  CO2,  and    
energy  are  released  
–  Metabolism  –  
                 is  the  combinaBon  of  chemical    
 reacBons  through  which    
 an  organism  builds  up  or    
 breaks  down  materials  
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CharacterisBcs  of  Living  Things  
"  Other  special  needs  include:  
 Water  
 Gas  exchange  
 Constant  temperature  
 Stable  air  pressure  
 Living  space  
Leaves

CharacterisBcs  of  Living  Things  
Living  things…  
4.  Made  of  cells  
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Cells  –  are  the  basic  
unit  of  life  
Are  highly  organized  
and  precisely  put  
together  






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