Butler Esperanto English 1967 vJG2 (PDF)




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*
ESPERANTO- ENGLISH
DICTIONARY
BY

Montagu C. Butler
Member of (he Academy ol &peranto
Member of (he Lingva Komitato (/918-1949)
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PUBLISHED BY THE BRITISH ESPERANTO ASSOCIATlON (INC.)

140

HOLLAND PARK AVENUE, LONDON,

1967

W.l1

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Printed by
THE BLACKBURN TrMEs, NORTHGATE, BLACKBURN

The pub/ishers wish lo express apprecialion
and thanks to the printers for the excellent
and expeditious production of the dictionary

WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR
Original works:
Step by Step in Esperanto.
First Lessons for y oung Children.
Linguaphone Rapid Esperanto Course.
Hints for Speakers.
Klasifo de Esperantaj Temoj.
Raporta Stenografio.
Himnaro Esperanta.
Kantaro Esperanta.
Muzika Terminaro. (With Frank Merrick)
Proverbs: Esperanto-English.
Raporta Stenografio 5-a Eldono 1920
Step yb Step in Esperanto 8-a Eldono 1965
Kantaro Esperanta 1926, 358 Songs.
Himnaro Esperanta 1966, 279 Hymns.
Translated :
Linguaphone Conversational Course (Esperanto).
La Vivo de Nia Sinjoro Jesuo. (Charles Dickens).
(with E. S. Payson) Luno de Israel. (Rider Haggard)
(with others) La Fina Batalilo
AIso numerous monographs, and an extensive unpublished work "For
advanced students" in ten typescript volumes, which may be consulted in the
B.E.A. library.

CONTENTS
Page

7

Preface
Arrangement of Matter

10

Signs ..

11

Abbreviations (Subjects)

11

(Words)

13

Book Titles

14

Dictionary

17

Appendix
Proper Names

443

Lands, IsIands

446

Cities and Towns

Historical Names

446
447
448
449

MythologicaI Names

449

Astronomical Names

450

Personal Names
Feminine Names

PREFACE
For over fifty years the English-Esperanto Dictionary compiled by
Edward A. Millidge in 1912, with various rcprints and revisions, has
been the trusted guide of English-speaking Esperantists. Mr Millidge
was completing a new and enlarged edition when, in 1941, a bomb
destroyed his precious manuscript. Before his death in 1942, he told me
that ir for any reason he were unable to bring out a new edition, he
hopcd 1 would undertake the task. And when, later, others repeated
this request, 1 eould not well refuse, though very conscious of my
inadequaey.
Mr Millidge's dictionary is, of course, thc basis of the present work.
But since 1 alone am reponsible for aH additions, changes, and imperfections, 1 hesitate to give this book his name.
Every lexieographer must draw largely on the work of previous
writers. In generall have fo11owed the Plena Vartara and its Supplement,
whieh, though not offieial, are universa11y recognized as of great
weight. Only seldom have 1 ventured to differ. Examples have been
freely drawn from these and many other works. Sorne duplieation is
due to the faet that a11 quote largely from Zamenhof. 1 atta eh special
importance to examples from La Biblia, as being Zamenhof's greatest
translation, and the world's best known literature.
1 have throughout consulted 70 Esperanto technical vocabularies,
and 40 other works. Bird-names are largely from Namara de Svedaj
Birdoj (1950, 1953), and Stojan's Ornitologia Vorlara. 1 am very grateful
to many friends, too numerous to mentíon, for most valuable collaboration; and espeeia11y to Mr C. D. A. Capp, for whose eontinuous help
and eneouragement 1 find no adequate words to express my indebtedness.
Contents. A dietionary is, of eourse, only a selection from the
wealth of the language. 1 have wished to give the words most likely to
be useful to the ordinary English speaker; and in order to save space
have omitted many words mainly of antiquarian, local, or national
interest. The omission of a word does not mean that its use is deprecated.
The inclusion of a word, on the other hand, does not necessarily mean
that its use is recommended.
Neologisms. These should be used only when certainly needed; not
to replaee we11-established forms in the Fundamento. *

* See [ull discussion in The British &perantist, 1944, 118; and 1950, 177-178,
186-188.
7

PREFACE

Tecbnical Terms. Many words found indispensable by the specialist
mean little to the man in the street. I have included those most
commonly met; others are given in the faka) terminaro). As with other
languages, many terms have two forms: (a) in technicallanguage (t.l.)
and (b) in ordinary language (0.1.). Both have their place according to
circumstances. In non-technical use a clear 0.1. form is often preferable
to the t.1. of the specialist.
Abbreviations. The use of these is, I hope, justified by saving in
space.
Compound words are placed 10gicalIy under the final root. Thus,
éielarko, lumturo, come under ark, tur, not under éiel, fumo But no
invariable rule is possible. Flagoj and Veloj seem better listed under
these headin~, but boato) and sipoj under the first root.
Adjective-noun compounds are similarly listed at the second root.
Thus, maraglo, mara agIo, come under agl. If one of such alterna ti ves
is given, the other may usually be inferred.
Hypbens. The use of hyphens in this work is not, and is not
intended to be, a guide to their use in English prose.
Pseudo-affixes. Which are preferable: "international" forms with
-acio, -ika, -atoro, and the like; or "regular" formations fram a single
root? E.g., is it better to use four roots (kooper-i, kooperaci-o,
kooperator-o, kooperativ-islno), or one only (kooper-i, -ado, -isto,
-islno)? Zamenhof says (L.R.) that though both uses have the right to
exist, one may hope that the "international" irregularities will eventually be dropped as archaisms, and that one may even advise this.
Millidge inc1ined to the international forms. Present usage, however,
is against them. Certainly -acio should be rejected when it mean s
nothing more than -ado or -ajo. *
Sorne proposed misanglicisms, e.g., dumping-o, fadingo, instead of
dump-ado,fado; and mitingo (which means nothing more nor Iess than
kunveno), are deliberately omitted.
Root-endings. How far should -ino, -u/o, -ilo, and the like be
modified to avoid apparent c1ash with suffixes? No invariable rule is
possible. Usage varies: much can be said on both sides. For botanical
and zoological terms (not chemical terms) -eno seems gene rally better
than -ino (I).t Albumen and albumin; mandaren and mandarín; are
differentiated. I have followed F in preferring -010 to -ulo: the only

* See full

t

discussion in The British Esperantist, 1951,52-53,77-78,100-101.

(1) Cp azen, delren, ermen, fraksen, gelaten, ingven, jasmen, platen, rosmaren,

aukcen; OA floren, palanken; unofficial abdomen, bukcen, frankolen, gramen, gluten,
kanaben, kardamen, margen, miksen, pingven, traken.
8

PREFACE

F exeeption is betulo (2). Both oval and ovul (Humpty-Dumpty!) are
meto F and OV sometimes use -ílo, sometimes -e/o. In case of doubt
-e/o may be preferable (3).*
Technical affixes (e.g., -iv, -iz, -oz) have been used sparingly, for
teehnical terms. Far the suffix -ojd, and in variolls similar farms, I
folIow a very respectable minarity in preferring -ojd (ane syllable) to
-oid (two syllables, suggestive of -id). Thus: sferojdo, hemorojdo. Both
forms are found and admissible. In every living langllage such questions
arise: e.g., in English, -ise or ize.
Interjections may be (a) offieial (Nu!); or (b) formed from Esperanto
roots (Peston! Mis! Ek! Aé!); or (e) (in a translation) simply transcribed
from the original (e.g., Bailey's Gi! in Petra/o); or (d) assimilated from
a national language. Kawasaki and Waringhien have colIected many
such expressions fram Zamenhof and other writers, and have classified
and defined them. Few are reaIly international, and such lists are
somewhat tentative. Almost any sound (like English Well! No! or
Esperanto Nu! Nel) may express many different meanings according
to context and intonatian, and we need not tabulate and memorize
every possible shade of meaning in every context. On the other hand,
if one pricks one's finger one cannot wait to consider which of variolls
possible alternatives may best express one's feelings !
Similar remarks apply ta onomatopoeic words and expressions.
English is rich in these; but their equivalents in other langllagcs, eqllalIy
rich, are very varied and different. Edmond de Amicis (Lingvo Internacia,
Aug. 1914) lists 13 ltalian verbs used in Florence to describe the sound
made by the teeth in crunching new bread. A comparison af 25 English
onomatopoeic words, which an Englishman might suppase to be
international, with their equivalents in other languages, showed that
only two of them are cammon to alI. But a translatar fram an English
text may legitimately use the English "plap" to express the sound of a
pebble dropping inta water, even if that word is not in the Esperanto
dictionary. Time and literature are gradualIy stabilizing usage in these
matters.
Vibration frequencies are caIculated by equal temperament from
A =440.
*(2) Cp F artikol, fenkol, kukol, lupol, muskol, orakol,pendol,pilol, pirol, popol,
primol, ranunkol, regol, skapol, skrofol, titol, tremol; OA garol, medo/, tegol; and
unofficial ampol, drakunkol, fOJjikol, galbol, galinol, kampanol, krasol, mergol,
mimol, strangol, tirlllf1ko!. ¡ipOI; with OA kalendul, konvolvul. (Cp 1. convolvolo,
luppolo, ranuncolo) . .... Z. used forjikul, kampanul, mergu/; but both aúriko/ and
aiirikul; asperol and wperu/.
(3) Cp F Finge/, makzel, mirlel, pastel, zizel; with F angil, kmnomil, kariofil,
ko('enil; and OA lIlespil.
9






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