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6
Extending X'-theory
Dr. Waleed A. Alrowsa
WAALROWSA@imamu.edu.sa
Pop Quiz II
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What are the goals of syntax?
Is syntax a science? How so?
What is Prescriptive/Descriptive syntax?
What is innateness? Recursion?
What is the difference between Linear &
hierarchical structure?
11/13/17
2
Introduction
n
Two types of Categories:
q
q
We looked at: Phrasal categories: NP, VP, PP, AdjP,
AdvP.
Functional Categories C T Q D
n
n
n
11/13/17
Specifier
Adjunct
Complement
XP
X’
X’
(YP) X’
X’ (ZP) or Vice versa
X (WP)or Vice versa
3
Introduction
n
Challenge:
q
According to specifier rule, it requires it to be a phrase XP
level, however, specifiers we have are only determiners
and not phrases
n
n
*The they are good.
*A an apple is good
Remember the rule:
All non-head materials must be phrasal.
11/13/17
4
Introduction
n
We are going to add three points:
q
CP, TP, DP
n
n
We want the tree to capture other properties of
hierarchical structure found in the constituents.
We want to propose a determiner phrase
(DP)
q
q
11/13/17
Determiners (the,a) are not specifiers, or phrasal.
Specifier is subject place holder
5
DP
n
Determiners:
q
q
n
n
The, a, that, this, those, these occupies the specifier of NP
§ I want to show you that the apostrophe ‘s is also Det.
Determiners are heads, and cant be phrasal: only one is
allowed in an NP
§ *The that is a dog
Suggested solution:
Det are not part of the NP but NP is the complement to the
determiner head.
11/13/17
6
n
DP
Challenge II:
q
IN CP an TP rules, the only required element is the
head. At the same time, this head is optional
n
n
CP
TP
q
->
->
(C)
TP
NP (T) VP
This calls for an evidence
Old
11/13/17
New
7
DP: free generative and construct
n
There are two types of genitives or possessive NP in
English:
q
Construct and Free genitive
n
n
11/13/17
Free genitive (of-) uses the preposition of to mark the possessive
relation between two NPs
‘s The appears after the whole possessor NP [the man]
8
DP: free generative and construct
n
There are two types of genitives or possessive NP in
English:
q
Construct and Free genitive
n
Construct(‘s-) the apostrophe appears after the full possessor NP
q
11/13/17
Apostrophe is in complementary distribution with determiners.
§ *The man’s the coat
9
6-8.pdf (PDF, 2.41 MB)
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