Transferable skills poster .pdf

Do Race and Education Affect
Our Generosity?
Jodie Krzyzanowski ■ Jorge Casanas Serrano ■ Afrodi) Giannakopoulou
Introduc)on

§  African-Americans and Hispanics have been
shown to make the smallest donations to
charities (Steinberg & Wilhelm, 2005).
§  While Whites have been shown to make the
highest donations most frequently (Steinberg &
Wilhelm, 2005).

Methods
Dataset
■ Data was extracted from Fong and Luttmer
(2009) who investigated effects of racial group
loyalty on generosity.
■

1,343 US respondents of different ethnicities.

(Wu, Huang & Kao, 2004).

§  Similarly, years of education and amount donated have been shown
to positively correlate with each other (Tiehen,2001).
§  Taking previous literature into account, it is hypothesised that:
①  White, non-hispanic individuals will donate more compared to any
other race. Moreover, those with a degree will donate more
compared to other education levels.

Results- Race
Chart 1. Mean donation given by race.
§  A significant effect was found
between race and donation.

70
60

Donation ($)

§  Race and education have both been found to
influence the likelihood of donating to charity.

§  No effect of education on donating has
been found, but the amount donated has been
shown to be impacted by education level

50
40

§  Post hoc tests showed a
significant effect between
White, non-hispanic and
Black, non-hispanic only.

30
20
10
0

Participants asked to divide $100 between
themselves and Hurricane Katrina victims.

White, non- Black, nonhispanic
hispanic

■

3 variables of victims were manipulated:
1)  Income
2)  Worthiness
3)  Race
■

Hispanic

Non-hispanic 2+ races,
non-hispanic

Race

Results- Education
Chart 2. Mean donation given by education.
§  A non-significant effect was
found between education and
donation.
70

Data Subset
■ 2 variables were extracted from the original
data set to use in the current research:
1)  Race; 5 levels
2)  Education: 4 levels
■ 518

participants data were analysed.

Design
■ A 2 way between subjects ANOVA conducted.

References

Donation ($)

60
50
40
30

§  No education differences found.

20
10
0
Less than high
school

High school

Some college

Education

Discussion

Bachelor's
degree or higher

§  No interaction was found
between race and education.



Findings of the study suggest:
①  Generosity is affected by race but only when comparing between
White and Black non-hispanics.
②  Education, at any level, does not affect the amount donated.
③  Future research should aim to investigate the effects of race and
education on the frequency of donations also.
④  Previous literature implies that duration of years in education
leads to an increase in donation frequency.

1)  Steinberg, R., & Wilhelm, M. (2005). Religious and secular giving, by race and ethnicity. New Directions
for Philanthropic Fundraising, 2005(48), 57-66.
2)  Wang, L., & Graddy, E. (2008). Social capital, volunteering, and charitable giving. Voluntas: International
Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 19(1), 23.
3)  Tiehen, L. (2001). Tax policy and charitable contributions of money. National Tax Journal, 707-723
4)  Fong, C. M., & Luttmer, E. F. (2009). What determines giving to Hurricane Katrina victims? Experimental
evidence on racial group loyalty. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 1(2), 64-87.