Java 7 A Comprehensive Tutorial (Pg 620 628) (PDF)




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Java 7: A Comprehensive Tutorial

HttpServlet
The HttpServlet class overrides javax.servlet.GenericServlet. When using
HttpServlet, you will also work with the HttpServletRequest and
HttpServletResponse objects that represent the servlet request and the
servlet response, respectively. The HttpServletRequest interface extends
javax.servlet.ServletRequest and HttpServletResponse extends
javax.servlet.ServletResponse.
HttpServlet overrides the service method in GenericServlet and adds
another service method with the following signature:
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, java.io.IOException

The difference between the new service method and the one in
javax.servlet.Servlet is that the former accepts an HttpServletRequest and
an HttpServletResponse, instead of a ServletRequest and a
ServletResponse.

Copyright © 2014. Brainy Software. All rights reserved.

The servlet container, as usual, calls the original service method in
javax.servlet.Servlet, which in HttpServlet is written as follows:
public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpServletRequest request;
HttpServletResponse response;
try {
request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
} catch (ClassCastException e) {
throw new ServletException("non-HTTP request or response");
}
service(request, response);
}

The original service method downcasts the request and response objects
from the servlet container to HttpServletRequest and
HttpServletResponse, respectively, and call the new service method. The
downcasting is always successful because the servlet container always
passes an HttpServletRequest and an HttpServletResponse objects when
calling a servlet’s service method, to anticipate the use of HTTP. Even if

Kurniawan, Budi. Java 7 : A Comprehensive Tutorial, Brainy Software, 2014. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/valencia-ebooks/detail.action?docID=3003885.
Created from valencia-ebooks on 2018-04-23 08:26:32.

Chapter 26: Java Web Applications

you are implementing javax.servlet.Servlet or extending
javax.servlet.GenericServlet, you can downcast the servlet request and
servlet response passed to the service method to HttpServletRequest and
HttpServletResponse.
The new service method in HttpServlet then examines the HTTP
method used to send the request (by calling request.getMethod) and call
one of the following methods: doGet, doPost, doHead, doPut, doTrace,
doOptions, and doDelete. Each of the seven methods represents an HTTP
method. doGet and doPost are the most frequently used. In addition, you
rarely override the service methods anymore. Instead, you override doGet
or doPost or both doGet and doPost.
To summarize, there are two features in HttpServlet that you do not
find in GenericServlet:

▪ Instead of the service method, you will override doGet, doPost, or
both of them. In rare cases, you will also override any of these
methods: doHead, doPut, doTrace, doOptions, doDelete.
▪ You will work with HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponse,
instead of ServletRequest and ServletResponse.

Copyright © 2014. Brainy Software. All rights reserved.

HttpServletRequest
HttpServletRequest represents the servlet request in the HTTP
environment. It extends the javax.servlet.ServletRequest interface and
adds several methods. Some of the methods are:
java.lang.String getContextPath()

Returns the portion of the request URI that indicates the context of the
request.
Cookie[] getCookies()

Returns an array of Cookie objects.
java.lang.String getHeader(java.lang.String name)

Returns the value of the specified HTTP header.
java.lang.String getMethod()

Returns the name of the HTTP method with which this request was
made.
Kurniawan, Budi. Java 7 : A Comprehensive Tutorial, Brainy Software, 2014. ProQuest Ebook Central,
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Created from valencia-ebooks on 2018-04-23 08:26:32.

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Java 7: A Comprehensive Tutorial

java.lang.String getQueryString()

Returns the query string in the request URL.
HttpSession getSession()

Returns the session object associated with this request. If none is
found, creates a new session object.
HttpSession getSession(boolean create)

Returns the current session object associated with this request. If none
is found and the create argument is true, create a new session object.

HttpServletResponse
HttpServletResponse represents the servlet response in the HTTP
environment. Here are some of the methods defined in it.
void addCookie(Cookie cookie)

Adds a cookie to this response object.
void addHeader(java.lang.String name, java.lang.String value)

Adds a header to this response object.
void sendRedirect(java.lang.String location)

Sends a response code that redirects the browser to the specified
location.

Copyright © 2014. Brainy Software. All rights reserved.

Writing an Http Servlet
Extending HttpServlet is similar to subclassing GenericServlet. However,
instead of overriding the service method, you override the doGet and
doPost methods in a HttpServlet subclass.
The app26b application that accompanies this chapter features a servlet
that renders an HTML form and process the form submission. The servlet is
given in Listing 26.4.
Listing 26.4: The FormServlet class
package app26b;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;

Kurniawan, Budi. Java 7 : A Comprehensive Tutorial, Brainy Software, 2014. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/valencia-ebooks/detail.action?docID=3003885.
Created from valencia-ebooks on 2018-04-23 08:26:32.

Chapter 26: Java Web Applications

import
import
import
import

javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

Copyright © 2014. Brainy Software. All rights reserved.

@WebServlet(name = "FormServlet", urlPatterns = { "/form" })
public class FormServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 54L;
private static final String TITLE = "Order Form";
@Override
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
writer.println("<html>");
writer.println("<head>");
writer.println("<title>" + TITLE + "</title></head>");
writer.println("<body><h1>" + TITLE + "</h1>");
writer.println("<form method='post'>");
writer.println("<table>");
writer.println("<tr>");
writer.println("<td>Name:</td>");
writer.println("<td><input name='name'/></td>");
writer.println("</tr>");
writer.println("<tr>");
writer.println("<td>Address:</td>");
writer.println("<td><textarea name='address' "
+ "cols='40' rows='5'></textarea></td>");
writer.println("</tr>");
writer.println("<tr>");
writer.println("<td>Country:</td>");
writer.println("<td><select name='country'>");
writer.println("<option>United States</option>");
writer.println("<option>Canada</option>");
writer.println("</select></td>");
writer.println("</tr>");
writer.println("<tr>");
writer.println("<td>Delivery Method:</td>");
writer.println("<td><input type='radio' " +
"name='deliveryMethod'"
+ " value='First Class'/>First Class");
writer.println("<input type='radio' " +
"name='deliveryMethod' "

Kurniawan, Budi. Java 7 : A Comprehensive Tutorial, Brainy Software, 2014. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/valencia-ebooks/detail.action?docID=3003885.
Created from valencia-ebooks on 2018-04-23 08:26:32.

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Java 7: A Comprehensive Tutorial

Copyright © 2014. Brainy Software. All rights reserved.

}

+ "value='Second Class'/>Second Class</td>");
writer.println("</tr>");
writer.println("<tr>");
writer.println("<td>Shipping Instructions:</td>");
writer.println("<td><textarea name='instruction' "
+ "cols='40' rows='5'></textarea></td>");
writer.println("</tr>");
writer.println("<tr>");
writer.println("<td> </td>");
writer.println("<td><textarea name='instruction' "
+ "cols='40' rows='5'></textarea></td>");
writer.println("</tr>");
writer.println("<tr>");
writer.println("<td>Please send me the latest " +
"product catalog:</td>");
writer.println("<td><input type='checkbox' " +
"name='catalogRequest'/></td>");
writer.println("</tr>");
writer.println("<tr>");
writer.println("<td> </td>");
writer.println("<td><input type='reset'/>" +
"<input type='submit'/></td>");
writer.println("</tr>");
writer.println("</table>");
writer.println("</form>");
writer.println("</body>");
writer.println("</html>");

@Override
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
writer.println("<html>");
writer.println("<head>");
writer.println("<title>" + TITLE + "</title></head>");
writer.println("</head>");
writer.println("<body><h1>" + TITLE + "</h1>");
writer.println("<table>");
writer.println("<tr>");
writer.println("<td>Name:</td>");
writer.println("<td>" + request.getParameter("name")
+ "</td>");
writer.println("</tr>");

Kurniawan, Budi. Java 7 : A Comprehensive Tutorial, Brainy Software, 2014. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/valencia-ebooks/detail.action?docID=3003885.
Created from valencia-ebooks on 2018-04-23 08:26:32.

Copyright © 2014. Brainy Software. All rights reserved.

Chapter 26: Java Web Applications

writer.println("<tr>");
writer.println("<td>Address:</td>");
writer.println("<td>" + request.getParameter("address")
+ "</td>");
writer.println("</tr>");
writer.println("<tr>");
writer.println("<td>Country:</td>");
writer.println("<td>" + request.getParameter("country")
+ "</td>");
writer.println("</tr>");
writer.println("<tr>");
writer.println("<td>Shipping Instructions:</td>");
writer.println("<td>");
String[] instructions = request
.getParameterValues("instruction");
if (instructions != null) {
for (String instruction : instructions) {
writer.println(instruction + "<br/>");
}
}
writer.println("</td>");
writer.println("</tr>");
writer.println("<tr>");
writer.println("<td>Delivery Method:</td>");
writer.println("<td>"
+ request.getParameter("deliveryMethod")
+ "</td>");
writer.println("</tr>");
writer.println("<tr>");
writer.println("<td>Catalog Request:</td>");
writer.println("<td>");
if (request.getParameter("catalogRequest") == null) {
writer.println("No");
} else {
writer.println("Yes");
}
writer.println("</td>");
writer.println("</tr>");
writer.println("</table>");
writer.println("<div style='border:1px solid #ddd;" +
"margin-top:40px;font-size:90%'>");
writer.println("Debug Info<br/>");
Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request
.getParameterNames();

Kurniawan, Budi. Java 7 : A Comprehensive Tutorial, Brainy Software, 2014. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/valencia-ebooks/detail.action?docID=3003885.
Created from valencia-ebooks on 2018-04-23 08:26:32.

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Java 7: A Comprehensive Tutorial

while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()) {
String paramName = parameterNames.nextElement();
writer.println(paramName + ": ");
String[] paramValues = request
.getParameterValues(paramName);
for (String paramValue : paramValues) {
writer.println(paramValue + "<br/>");
}
}
writer.println("</div>");
writer.println("</body>");
writer.println("</html>");
}

}

You invoke the FormServlet using this URL:

Copyright © 2014. Brainy Software. All rights reserved.

http://localhost:8080/app26b/form

Figure 26.7: The empty Order form

Kurniawan, Budi. Java 7 : A Comprehensive Tutorial, Brainy Software, 2014. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/valencia-ebooks/detail.action?docID=3003885.
Created from valencia-ebooks on 2018-04-23 08:26:32.

Chapter 26: Java Web Applications

Typing the URL in your browser invokes the servlet’s doGet method and
you’ll see an HTML form in your browser. The form is shown in Figure
26.7.
If you look at the HTML source, you’ll find a form with a post method
like this:
<form method='post'>

Copyright © 2014. Brainy Software. All rights reserved.

Submitting the form will invoke the servlet’s doPost method. As a result,
you’ll see in your browser the values that you entered to the form. Figure
26.8 shows the result of submitting the Order form.

Figure 26.8: Result from submitting the Order form

Kurniawan, Budi. Java 7 : A Comprehensive Tutorial, Brainy Software, 2014. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/valencia-ebooks/detail.action?docID=3003885.
Created from valencia-ebooks on 2018-04-23 08:26:32.

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Java 7: A Comprehensive Tutorial

Using the Deployment Descriptor
As you can see in the previous examples, writing and deploying a servlet
application is easy. One aspect of deployment deals with mapping your
servlet with a path. In the examples, you used the WebServlet annotation
type to map a servlet with a path. There’s another way of doing this, by
using the deployment descriptor. In this section you’ll learn how to
configure your application using the deployment descriptor.
The app26c application contains two servlets, SimpleServlet and
WelcomeServlet to demonstrate how you can use the deployment
descriptor to map servlets. Listings 26.5 and 26.6 show SimpleServlet and
WelcomeServlet, respectively. Note that the servlet classes are not
annotated @WebServlet.
Listing 26.5: The SimpleServlet class
package app26c;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

Copyright © 2014. Brainy Software. All rights reserved.

public class SimpleServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 8946L;

}

@Override
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
writer.print("<html><head></head>" +
"<body>Simple Servlet</body></html");
}

Listing 26.6: The WelcomeServlet class
package app26c;
import java.io.IOException;

Kurniawan, Budi. Java 7 : A Comprehensive Tutorial, Brainy Software, 2014. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/valencia-ebooks/detail.action?docID=3003885.
Created from valencia-ebooks on 2018-04-23 08:26:32.






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