This PDF 1.3 document has been generated by / iOS Version 13.3 (Build 17C54) Quartz PDFContext, and has been sent on pdf-archive.com on 26/01/2020 at 18:47, from IP address 75.73.x.x.
The current document download page has been viewed 515 times.
File size: 25.02 MB (6 pages).
Privacy: public file
Required Reading:
Capriotti, Theresa, Parker Fizzell, Joan (2016). Pathophysiology: Introductory
Concepts and Clinical Perspectives. F.A. Davis: Philadelphia, PA.
Pages: 346-348, 356, 371-374, 376-378, & 382-395.
Electronic Pages: Page number on electronic page of the E-book correlates to
print version.
It
Describes the process of
a
contraction
heart
Davis Advantage (Online) Pathophysiology I Class
Cardiac Function and Assessment
Left and Right Heart Failure
Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach to Learning. Volume 1. (2019), (3rd ed.).
Pearson: Boston, MA. Pages: 1115-1116, 1140-1142, 1193, 1229-1230,
1232-1235, 1270-1273, 1275-1276.
Exemplar 16 F Heart Failure
Exemplar 16 I Dysrhythmias
Required Web Sites (current as of 12/26/19):
3D Medical Animation Congestive Heart Failure Animation 3:40
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3YddwXPWVSc
Cardiac depolarization & repolarization 7:47
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zBj6btjdYHU
Optional Web Sites (current as of 12/26/19):
American Heart Association
http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartFailure/AboutHeartFailure/Types-of-HeartFailure_UCM_306323_Article.jsp#mainContent
ECG Interpretation 11:10 Much Deeper & detailed
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JerLlI0f9IU
Overview Health Education Video: Heart Failure 5:50
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mhYeO2fwSps
Rhythm (EKG) Simulator
https://www.skillstat.com/tools/ecg-simulator
The ECG Course- Rate & Rhythm 18:31
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F9yf08-jRtY
Learning Objectives:
The student will:
1) Utilize theories and concepts to build an understanding of the manifestations of chronic pathophysiological conditions
involving perfusion related to the cardiovascular system.
2) Incorporate theory and research utilizing data from multiple evidence based sources to build an understanding of chronic
pathophysiological conditions involving perfusion related to the cardiovascular system.
3) Explain the common mechanisms of chronic disease progression of conditions involving perfusion related to the
cardiovascular system.
4) Determine protective and predictive factors which influence the health of patients with chronic conditions involving perfusion
of the cardiovascular system.
Outline
NOTE: C is for Capriotti and P is for Pearson
1. Describe the following: Page: C 371-374, P 1115-1116
volume
Preload:
to
The
blood
of 0
venous return
in the
to preload
after diastole
In
the Re atrium
blood
must overcome to pump
The amount of resistance the ventricles
most commonly referstothe L
Afterload:
0
Inotropic State:
of contraction of the
The force
muscles
each minute
of 0 Pumped out of the
FailureEEE
out per minute
Cardiac Output:The amount of blood the D pumps
to cardiac output
with each contraction
l I i r il I i ri
leaves the L ventricle
Ejection Fraction:
0
measurement
much
how
of
A
blood
volume
Stroke Volume:
The
Expressed as
Cardiac Reserve:
a
The work
Frank-Starling’s Law:
is required
is able to Proform beyond what
the
relationship
Afterloadto inverse
9
of strd
rradi
g
relationship
How we evaluate
afar
So
g to
effectiveness
Pre1
cardiacoutput
co
ta
9
ta
2. Contrast the normal heart from a heart in failure. Page: C 371, P 1228
fi
i
ii
if
Healthy
i
C
HF
µ f
unable
eineimen
3. Contrast the term Heart Failure (HF) with Chronic or Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Page: C 382-383
less
more common
common
4. Describe the risk factors for HF. Page: C 382, P 1232
Hypertension greatest
myocardial infarction estrogen
young age
f
tax
equalizes after menopause
CAD
americans
African
Family history
f
protective
good
Lifestyle
Obesity
cardio
diabetes t
meds
Sleep
gg
apnea
in
booze
conditions
2
5. Summarize the following compensatory mechanisms involved with HF: Page: C 376-378, 384-388, P 1229-1230.
RAAS
Friend
canine
atriaimxocxtef.ie
Natriuretic Peptides
0 about to enter
To
TB DetectedhighoiiiandreleasedAwptoinducenatriuresisexcretionofNattOw
thatand9H2O
GFR 9 Blocks RAAS Released
during HF
Endothelin
arterial
t
Blood
ftp.Nwpptqk
venous
B type
S endothelium vasculature inHF Normally 9Post MI
secretedby
p resistance asaist L ventricle
Vasoconstrictor
Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-alpha)
eat in patients
with HF
ft
Inotrophic State
Zoo
Hyperatrophy
Fibrotic changes
Inflammatory
It
that
Nitric Oxide (NO)
Potent vasodialator
simulates
Released by the posterior
cells
endothelial Qi
vascular
produced by
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
cell death
i
cytokine
water
90 t Vasoconstrictor
8 pituitary stand
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Regulation
Parasympathetic
csthimoY.IT
rgie
contjfIIe
b
receptors
I U 41
I
sympathetic
q
b
stimulates
i
I
fp
Force
contraction
Heart1kidney
Beta 7
Rate
adrenergic
Bad
receptors
Regulation
6. Differentiate between Systolic and Diastolic heart failure. Page: C 383, P 1230
Normal
systolic
I
chit
if
I
ventricles Fill normally
with
Diastolic dysfunction
disfunction
l Ll Ll
Ll Ll l
I
it
mint
I
N
i
weak distendedventricle
Struggles to
pumpforward
stfu
N
Stiff nonelastic ventricle
cannot fullyexpand thus fill
with less 0
7. Correlate the pathophysiology to the clinical manifestations of left sided HF (LVF). Page: C 384-389, 391-392, P 1230-12
Hydrostaticpressurebacksup into
andpulmonaryvasculature
Dyspnea:
Cough:
ii
n
Be
Crackles:
a
f Ll Ll 1
atrium
qf
pulmonaryedema
is n iioiri
i
nii
Can be heard in a stethoscope
via
the openingandClosingof the
alveoliagainstthefluid
Orthopnea:
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea:
Nocturia :
S3:
Results
poop ask about
Other manifestations:
anorexia
s
I
i
Pulmonary edema:
thin
yy
Weak E ventricle
Confusion/Anxiety:
Fatigue:
y
t
cannot
i
daiz.minarni.in
ft
aorota
starting point for
in 4,7 Confusionanxiety
1
Fatigue
pathological Sympoms
this
loss
nausia headache memory
and insomnia 2
8. Correlate the pathophysiology to the clinical manifestations of right-sided (RVF) heart failure. Page: C 389-392, P 1232-1233
gravity pulls the excess fluid
from RUF HF to the lower extremities
Dependent edema: when
Weight gain:
fluid
Ascites:
Edem
occurs
as
result of the buildup
a
to poor drainage
due
Jugular venous distention: As pressurebuilds in the venous sign
system bulging of a blue vein on theneckbecomes a Clinical
Abdominal pain:
Abdominal
associated
occurs in RVE
Fatigue:
yv
This
im aired
can
can
of backwards
sign
hurt
These
Anorexia, nausea and bloating:
are
distension
are
conditions that
with poor G I drainage which
occur
as
a
result of
intestinal absorbtionl metabolism
due to venous congestion
K
of
leads to
nTIaticeIinessnureaihctahfysasterointesina'veins
IE
t.HL.li
resulting
i
g
yfy
n
Fg
j
V
weak musclestruggles topush
Thin
Forwardcauses a backup of
Of
0
hydrostaticpressureThisbackupcontinues
intothePeatriumthevenacanvas andtherestof
venoussystem
BE
systemic venous systempressure 9
9. Describe the complications and progression of HF. Page: C 386, 388, 395, P 1232
class 1
Causes no side effects
no limitation to activity
AmericaHeart
Association stage
µ
sightlimitationto activity comfortable at rest but activitycausesfatigue
palpitations or dyspnea
Ias 3 marked limitationwithactivity Comfortable at rest but even a little
Class 2
B
activitycausesfatigue1palpitations or dyspnea
discomfortcardiacinsuffiency at rest
to
activity
without
out
Unable
4
class
carry
D
10. Describe the tests that are used to diagnose HF. Page: C 392-394, P 1234-1235
Electrocardiogram
Echocardiogram
X Ray
Cardiac catheterization and audiography
multiple gated Acquision
scan
11. Describe the following terms: Page: C 347, P 1193, 1270
Dysrhythmia or arrhythmia Disorders of
Cardiac
sffrnaf.eeutiggl
r Generated at the SA node
certain
rhythm
Av node
Generated at the bundle of His Purkinje
Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
muscle
the fingergyandventicular
5
energy at
A recording of
point S of the body
12. Describe the electrical conduction of a normal heart beat. Page: C 346, P 1114-1115
1 it Lll
t
iori
gg
I
j
r
t.IM
current
Purkinjefibers
vehicularmuscle
v
en.gn7eaaInnsumi.n
the SA node
2 Impulsetravels to the Av node
z Av node has a r way transmission down
the bundle of his
Ii
psiraiiinafeed.iiidenaa.tn
f
ii
b
Contraction
j
13. Describe the systematic approach to ECG interpretation. Page: C 348, P 1140-1142
Rate calculation
I 1141
k
Rhythm
beattheratetcosistanalthe
Iii
if
Fµ
It
ret.paaricineseg
Jt
SANodett7svo.av
Node
node
P waves
Atrial depolarization
thi j
PR and QRS Intervals
tr
EIas.E.me xietiiiep
r
PRInterval a
e
tnar.tana
betweenstartof
atrial depolarizationand start
of ventricledepolarization
A
Heartatrest
I wave
gg
Q
3
ventric
III
Cotntract depolarize
yp g p
I
2
f
to
contains the
Q Rands waves
the complex
Endocrine disorders
Sleep Apnea
14. Identify the risk factors for dysrhythmias. Page: P
disease like CAD
History of
Prior surgery
to BP
meds
lifestyle oaf
attack
Kasama
iii
15. What symptoms might a patient have if they are experiencing a dysrhythmia? Page: P 1271
Rapid
Slow
block
Rate
Rate
Pathway
a block in the conduction
beats or interruptnormal conduction sequence
Ectopic
16. Describe the defining characteristics, cause, and significance of the following rhythms . Page: C 356, P 1272-1273,
1275-1276
Sinus Rhythm:
through
an impulsetravels
which
in
normal
The
process
60 100 BPM
normal
Simplyput it is the
the
rhythm
are managed Risk
lol I 50 bpm irregularwith PRI Symptoms
may be due to A SNS activity
Sinus Tachycardia:
Sinus Bradycardia: LessthanGo b
pm treatedsymptomatically
of MI
PossiblePharm intervention or pacemakertherapy
May be due to 9 PNS activityCmentionsmetope Mayuse anticoagulants to B risk
to reduce Pulse
Atrial Fibrillation: 300 Goobpm
or stroke
Atrial Flutter:
The
240
ventricular
meds
irregular
360 Bpm
such
Meds
as
response
Additional
atria Mostcommontypeof
with
beta blockers
coordinated contraction of the
note
sympathetic
adrenergic
God
BY
HR controlled Maa
receptors
parasympathetic
cholinergic
receptors
of clot
arrhythmia
slow
AP test #1 outline #3.pdf (PDF, 25.02 MB)
Use the permanent link to the download page to share your document on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, or directly with a contact by e-Mail, Messenger, Whatsapp, Line..
Use the short link to share your document on Twitter or by text message (SMS)
Copy the following HTML code to share your document on a Website or Blog