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02 9Dec15 2821 Prasart-10 1 -2016 100%

According to Mahasarakham University had launched project one curriculum one community taking philosophy of education, “public devotion is a virtue of the learned”.

https://www.pdf-archive.com/2016/09/25/02-9dec15-2821-prasart-10-1-2016/

25/09/2016 www.pdf-archive.com

52-Timbul Pardede 99%

https://www.pdf-archive.com/2011/12/05/52-timbul-pardede/

05/12/2011 www.pdf-archive.com

TET Paper 1 Child Development and Pedagogy 99%

https://www.pdf-archive.com/2017/03/03/tet-paper-1-child-development-and-pedagogy/

03/03/2017 www.pdf-archive.com

PrinciplesofLearningandLearningTheory 99%

PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING AND LEARNING THEORY Principles of Learning and Learning Theory Hannah R. Hiles University of North Carolina at Greensboro 1 PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING AND LEARNING THEORY 2 What is learning? > Major Learning Theories: Gagné’s Hierarchy Much of our understanding of education and the teaching process comes from Robert Gagné, an early 20thcentury experimental psychologist who was primarily interested in learning and instruction. It was Gagné who gave us the most fundamental basis for the process of teaching and what the instruction process looks like. Gagné’s Hierarchy of Learning presents eight ways to learn, with each stage building on the lower levels, ensuring that the upper levels require greater skill and ability to conquer. From the bottom up they begin with Signal Learning. As it is at the very bottom of the hierarchy it is part of Pavlov’s “classical conditioning,” or the act of conditioning a subject to provide a desired response in conjunction with a predetermined signal. Next comes StimulusResponse Learning – a more advanced version of classical conditioning. It incorporates the use of schedules and rewards in the learning process. Chaining comes next, wherein a student begins to learn the ability to connect prior lessons together in an organized sequence. After Chaining comes Verbal Association. A higherlevel form of Chaining, Verbal Association is the same idea, but with those prior lessons being vocal in nature as opposed to physical. Note that only halfway up the hierarchy, we are finally at a point where the student is at a point where they are beginning to incorporate verbal skills – the magnitude of Gagné’s hierarchy and just how “basic” his most fundamental lessons are cannot be overstated. Discrimination Learning, Concept Learning, and Rule Learning are next and are very linked together. Discrimination Learning is the process of a student being able to form appropriate responses in an organized and precise way. Concept Learning follows this by PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING AND LEARNING THEORY 3 requiring that the student makes those same responses but now with the addition of categorization – that they respond the same way to the same stimuli, regardless of order or organization. Rule Learning eventually comes in, the second to last piece of Gagné’s hierarchy. The most complex part of Rule Learning is that it requires the student to not only learn relationships between situations and higher concepts but to also predict future situations and concepts (ie, to understand social rules even if they are in a social situation that is new). The final part of Gagné’s Hierarchy is Problem Solving. Gagné considered this the highest level of learning. Because it requires entirely independent cognition and no external stimuli, the student has to have mastered all previous levels in order to problem solve effectively. In Problem Solving, the student must be able to face complicated rules and situations and not know the answers – instead, he or she must know ways of getting to the answers (Singley 1989). Gagné saw that by working their way up through the levels, students could eventually have mastery of the task they were studying. This method also allowed for students to move at a pace that worked for their own abilities, as well as letting them stop and start again at any point and presenting the entire learning process as a journey rather than a means to an end (Clark 2004). > Major Learning Theories: Bloom’s Taxonomy This learning theory comes from a 1956 report that came to be known as “Bloom’s Taxonomy,” a form of learning through instruction that takes into account the intake of information through Cognitive (knowledgebased learning), Affective (emotionbased), and Psychomotor (actionbased). Much of instructional design that takes guidance from Bloom looks specifically at the Cognitive model of Bloom’s Taxonomy, and the six individual components that Bloom organizes in a hierarchy (similar to Gagné’s own hierarchy). For Bloom, the PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING AND LEARNING THEORY 4 hierarchy comes in the form of Remembering, Understanding, Applying, Analyzing, Evaluating, and Creating. It’s important when looking at Bloom’s hierarchy to see that, as with Gagné, each step leads to the next. The student begins with remembering materials – they can recall and repeat facts and answers from their longterm memory with ease. Once they can remember information they can proceed to understand it – one can memorize sums and figures or dates in history without actually understanding what they mean, but Bloom saw this second level of Understanding as an important moment in the educational process. Applying is the student’s use of the information they have come to understand – this will vary depending on the information they have, but the more they use the information at hand, the deeper their understanding of it will come. This leads directly into Analyzing, where a student can look at the work they are doing (their “application” in the previous state of the hierarchy) and determine cause and effect. This work of analyzing their lesson moves organically into Evaluating – if A causes B, and B is a problem, how can the student solve B? This stage of Evaluation is similar to Gagné’s final level of Problem Solving – it is the process of a student looking for the work they are doing and determining where the issues are, then finding for themselves what the solutions may be. Finally, the student can move into Creating. Unlike Gagné, Bloom didn’t see the educational process as stopping at Problem Solving – for him, the pinnacle of mastering a skill or learning something new came when the student was able to then take that information and do something unique with it. Bloom’s first edition of the Taxonomy had this final stage as “Knowledge,” but in 2001 (two years after his death), it was updated to “Creating” or PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING AND LEARNING THEORY 5 “Synthesizing”. This is the student’s ability to take unique and individual parts and put them together into a larger and more unified representation of the lesson or information they have been learning – a synthesis of their learned knowledge (Wineburg 2009). > Major Learning Theories: Behaviorism, Cognitivism, and Constructivism Behaviorism, Cognitivism, and Constructivism are three additional members of learning theory that cannot be neglected. Going back to Gagné’s “signal learning” and Pavlov’s “classical conditioning,” Behaviorism looks at the most simple behavioral changes in an organism. As Jordan et al point out, Behaviorists are quick to defend that they don’t believe learners don’t think, rather “they [researchers] mainly choose to ignore inaccessible mental processes and focus on observable behaviour” (2008). Cognitivism is a step up, branching into the mental processes of how we observe and then process our environments and what happens to us. While Behaviorism may be the kneejerk reactions, Cognitivism in learning relies on “developing effective ways of building schemata and processing information” (Jordan). Finally, in Constructivism, we see yet a further advancement in the realm of cognition. Instead of simply processing information as in Cognitivism, Constructivism is a school which is based on the educator taking a passive role in their pupil’s learning – instead of dishing out answers, they may use questions to inspire their students to probe deeper into their own understanding of the materials, and find their own answers within. Jordan et al note that while the flow between Constructivism and Cognitivism can be difficult to differentiate, Constructivism ultimately “focuses on what people do with information to develop knowledge” (2008).

https://www.pdf-archive.com/2016/04/24/principlesoflearningandlearningtheory/

24/04/2016 www.pdf-archive.com

FPSBotArtificialIntelligenceWithQLearning VG KQ 98%

The intention behind a dynamic reward function was to create a bit of variance between simulations and see if it influenced how the agent learned strategies, as we were aiming to create “controlled unpredictability” on a small scale.

https://www.pdf-archive.com/2020/01/15/fpsbotartificialintelligencewithqlearningvgkq/

15/01/2020 www.pdf-archive.com

PosterSessionProgram 98%

Music Conditioning WaveNet on Learned Formant Characterizations for Speech Audio Enhancement Kyle Fisher, Adam Scherlis 126 Audio &

https://www.pdf-archive.com/2016/12/13/postersessionprogram/

13/12/2016 www.pdf-archive.com

APersonalizedFutureforEducation 98%

https://www.pdf-archive.com/2014/04/04/apersonalizedfutureforeducation/

03/04/2014 www.pdf-archive.com

Infographic- Emerging Trends in Educational Technology 98%

Brenda Griffin CUR 545 January 16, 2017 Prof.

https://www.pdf-archive.com/2017/01/17/infographic-emerging-trends-in-educational-technology/

17/01/2017 www.pdf-archive.com

learning and developing in the EYFS little hens 98%

For example, tell us when your child has learned to ride a bike and we’ll make sure the bikes are outside to help him to build on the new skill.

https://www.pdf-archive.com/2016/07/20/learning-and-developing-in-the-eyfs-little-hens/

20/07/2016 www.pdf-archive.com

10 6Jan16 2992 Revised Role of teacher Francisca 98%

https://www.pdf-archive.com/2016/09/25/10-6jan16-2992-revised-role-of-teacher-francisca/

25/09/2016 www.pdf-archive.com

ECGBL2012 98%

https://www.pdf-archive.com/2017/04/06/ecgbl2012/

06/04/2017 www.pdf-archive.com

MasterofExpression 98%

Proper Bow Dignified Bow Duel Bow Legion Etiquette Darkmoon Loyalty By My Sword Prayer Silent Ally Rest Collapse Patches Squat Prostration Toast Sleep Curl Up Learned from Yoel of Londor, just after killing Vordt.

https://www.pdf-archive.com/2016/04/19/masterofexpression/

19/04/2016 www.pdf-archive.com