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Soit S k = (−1)k
Alors,

n
(n − k)2
k
n =−
2

n−1
X

Sk

k=1

Ce est équivalent à
n =
2

n−1
X

(−1)

k+1

k=1

!
n
(n − k)2 .
k

Démonstration. Pour cela, on ajoute les termes S 0 et S n à la somme :


n−1
X

Sk = S0 + Sn −

n
X

S k.

k=0

k=1

On a :
!
n
S n = (−1)
(n − n)2 = 0.
n
!
0 n
S 0 = (−1)
(n − 0)2 = n2 .
0
n

La somme

!
n
X
k n
(−1)
(x − k)2
k
k=0

est égale à zéro, ce qui est facilement vérifiable pour n = 3 et pour tout x ∈ Z, incluant n.
Par induction,

 n

!
!
n+1
X
X


n
+
1
n
+
1

(x − k)2 = x2 +  (−1)k
(x − k)2  − (−1)n (x − n)2
(−1)k
k
k
k=0
 k=1

!
!!
n
X

n
n
2
k
2
= x +  (−1)
+
(x − k)  − (−1)n (x − n)2
k
k−1
 k=1
  n

!
!
n
X
X




n
n



(x − k)2  − (−1)n (x − n)2
= x2 +  (−1)k (x − k)2  −  (−1)k
k
k−1
k=1

k=1

!
!
n
X
2
k n
k n
=
(−1)
(x − k) −
(−1)
(x − 1 − k)2
k
k
k=0
k=0
n
X

= 0 − 0 = 0.
Donc,

1



n−1
X
k=1

Sk = S0 + Sn −

n
X

S k = n2 + 0 − 0 = n2 .

k=0

Puisque l’induction a pour départ n = 3, cette relation n’est prouvée que pour n > 2

2








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