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a) Andragogy
vs. Pedagogy

Draws attention to the distinction between two different
approaches to teaching: Pedagogy (teacher-centred approach to
learning), and andragogy (learner-centred approach to learning).
In pedagogy, learning is acquired by the learner from the instructions
and amount of learning provided by the teacher/trainer. This is mostly
used in child-learning.
In andragogy, the learner is able to provide input to the learning they
receive. This is usually applied for adult-learning where each adult’s
experience is a source of learning information.

b) Behaviourist
Learning
Theory

Behaviourist learning theory suggests that two things are
necessary for effective learning:

1) Clear behavioural expectations
2) Stimuli that ‘condition’ learners to progress towards these

expectations

c) Cognitive
Learning
Theory

Cognitivism rejects the idea that behaviour is just a response to external
stimuli. This learning theory states that learners actively process information,
by linking old and new information together in a meaningful and cumulative
way. For example, mental processes include thinking, remembering, knowing,
problem-solving, observing, categorising and making generalisations. The
focus of cognitivism is on the human mind and how people think and
understand.
(Source: Learning theories)

d) Information
Processing
Theory

Information processing theory is based on research which shows
that the human brain is capable of storing and retaining information
longer if:

1) Information is presented in small ‘chunks’ of content
2) Chinks are sequenced in logical order that creates a pattern of

progression from one chunk to the next