petr3153-1214

Wes!Petree! Embedded!Systems!United,!Inc.! 123!South!St.!316!! Norman,!OK!73019! owpetree@esu.com! 405C308C7412! ! November!30,!2011! Mobile!Systems,!LLC!! I.!Needshelp!! 345!Oak!Road!! Pleasanton,!CA!94588C2708! ! Dear!Mr.!Needshelp,! ! Embedded!Systems!United!is!happy!to!report!that!the!HC11!musical!memory!game! that!was!contracted!has!been!completed.!Attached!you!will!find!a!completion!report! of!the!entire!project.! ! We,!at!Embedded!Systems!United,!would!like!to!thank!Mobile!Systems!for!the! opportunity!to!design!and!develop!this!device.!! ! Please!feel!free!to!contact!me!to!answer!any!and!all!of!your!questions!you!may!have! in!regards!to!any!part!of!the!project.! ! ! Sincerely,! ! ! Wes!Petree! Engineering!Project!Manager! Embedded!Systems!United,!Inc.! 123!South!St.!316!! Norman,!OK!73019! 405C598C2135! !  ! ! ! !  ! ! EXECUTIVE!SUMMARY! ! Embedded!Systems!United!is!reporting!the!completion!of!the!design!and!development!of! the!HC11!musical!memory!device!as!contracted!by!Mobile!Systems.!The!project!was! divided!into!two!phases!–!hardware!and!software.! ! The!hardware!phase!was!completed!on!November!26th,!one!day!ahead!of!schedule.!All! components!were!chosen!and!the!circuit!was!tested.!One!issue!arose,!but!not!until!the! software!phase!was!completed.!A!debounce!issue!with!the!buttons!surfaced.!The!choice! was!made!to!solve!the!problem!with!software,!instead!of!adding!additional!hardware.!This! solution!was!the!most!cost!effective!approach!with!no!added!cost!in!components.! ! The!software!phase!was!completed!on!November!29th.!When!the!software!was!completed! and!tested,!the!only!issue!to!be!found!was!the!debounce!issue.!! ! ! ! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS! ! Embedded!Systems!United!would!like!to!thank!Mobile!Systems!for!the!opportunity!to!serve! in!the!capacity!of!the!design!of!the!HC11!musical!memory!game.!! ! ! 2!  ! ! Table&of&Contents& ! Background!.............................................................................................................................................!4! Problem!Statement!.........................................................................................................................................!4! Methods!....................................................................................................................................................!4! Main!Sections!of!Data!...........................................................................................................................!5! Hardware!...........................................................................................................................................................!5! Software!.............................................................................................................................................................!5! Management!Plan!.................................................................................................................................!6! Results!......................................................................................................................................................!7! Conclusions!.............................................................................................................................................!8! Appendix!1!–!Schematic!......................................................................................................................!9! Appendix!2!–!Output!Waveforms!..................................................................................................!11! Appendix!3!–!Block!Diagram!..........................................................................................................!14! ! Table&of&Figures& ! Chart!1:!Project!Management!Timeline!and!Completion!Dates.!...........................................!6! Table!1:!Budget!Summary!..................................................................................................................!7! Figure!1:!Square!Wave!......................................................................................................................!11! Figure!2:!Saw^Tooth!Wave!..............................................................................................................!12! Figure!3:!Sine!Wave!...........................................................................................................................!13! Figure!4:!Block!Diagram!..................................................................................................................!14! 3! !  ! Background! Embedded!Systems!United!has!developed!a!musical!memory!game!based!off!Freescale’s! HC11!microprocessor!as!contracted!by!Mobile!Systems.!! ! The!game!is!a!handheld!musical!memory!game!that!requires!the!user!to!replicate!an! increasing!random!sequence!of!notes.!As!the!user!successfully!replicates!the!sequence!by! pressing!the!appropriate!buttons,!a!new!note!is!added!until!the!sequence!has!reached!25! notes,!at!which!point!the!user!has!won.! ! The!project!was!divided!into!two!phases.!Phase!one!included!the!design!and!construction!of! the!hardware!that!was!used.!The!second!phase!dealt!with!developing!the!software!to! control!the!chosen!hardware!and!make!decisions!based!on!the!input!of!the!user.! ! Problem&Statement& The!requirements,!as!set!forth!by!Mobile!Systems,!were!to!be!able!to!play!four!tones!at! three!different!waveforms!–!sine!wave,!sawCtooth!wave,!and!square!wave!–!and!to!be!able! to!play!a!25!note!random!sequence!that!the!user!must!replicate!to!successfully!complete;! beginning!with!one!tone!and!gradually!increasing!to!25!by!the!addition!of!a!new!tone!with! each!successful!attempt.! ! Each!of!the!four!tones!were!able!to!be!played!with!one!of!the!above!mentioned!waveforms! and!had!one!LED!correspond!to!each!–!a!total!of!12!switches!and!LEDs!consisting!of!4! colors!with!three!of!each.! ! Methods& The!switches!were!implemented!using!one!74HCT574!octal!D!flipCflop!and!one!74HCT541! octal!buffer!controlled!with!two!Chip!Select!signals!and!the!Read/Write!signal.!The!flipCflop! and!the!buffer!allowed!the!use!a!3!x!4!matrix!to!implement!the!12!switches!on!an!8!bit! expanded!mode!data!bus.!The!program!would!write!a!one!to!one!of!the!columns!connected! to!the!flipCflop!and!then!check!the!state!of!the!switches!by!the!buffer!and!moved!to!the!next! column!if!no!switch!was!found!to!be!pressed.! ! In!a!similar!fashion,!the!LEDs!used!one!74HCT574!octal!D!flipCflop!to!control!12!LEDs!in! another!3!x!4!matrix.!!Once,!the!state!of!the!switches!was!known,!the!appropriate!value! could!be!sent!to!the!flipCflop!to!light!the!corresponding!LED(s).! ! There!were!two!MCP4261C103E!digital!potentiometers!that!were!implemented!using!the! SPI!subsystem.!A!new!Slave!Select!signal!needed!to!be!generated!for!the!second! potentiometer!chip.!Port!A!bit!7!was!used!to!generate!the!required!signal.!Three!output! compare!interrupt!routines!were!used!to!write!the!appropriate!value!to!the!potentiometers! from!three!different!lookCup!tables!–!one!for!sine,!saw,!and!square.!The!actual!OC!pin!on! ! 4!  ! Port!A!was!used!to!drive!one!pin!of!the!potentiometer!high!while!the!other!pin!was!tied!to! ground.!This!assured!that!when!the!interrupt!routine!was!turned!off,!the!signal!would!stop.!! ! One!74HCT14!Quad!inverter!was!used!to!invert!the!R/W*!signal!on!the!buffer!to!activate!it! when!called!by!the!software.!One!74HCT08!Quad!AND!gate!chip!was!used!for!the!logic!to! enable!the!flipCflops!when!called!by!the!software.!One!LM324!quad!opCamp!chip!was!used! for!replicating!the!output!from!the!digital!potentiometers.!A!TDA7052A!audio/power! amplifier!was!utilized!to!drive!a!two!inch!8!Ω!speaker.! ! Also!utilized,!was!a!character!LCD!display!that!was!connected!via!the!expanded!mode!bus.! ! ! Main&Sections&of&Data& The!design!of!the!system!consisted!of!two!phases!–!hardware!and!software.!A!certain! portion!of!the!hardware!needed!to!be!completed!before!the!software!could!begin.! ! Hardware& To!begin!the!hardware,!we!knew!we!would!need!a!way!to!implement!12!switches!with! LEDs!corresponding!to!them,!as!well!as!a!digital!to!analog!converter!to!output!a!digital! signal!to!a!speaker.!! ! The!project!began!by!implementing!a!matrix!for!the!switches!and!LEDs.!This!was!needed,! as!there!are!only!8!data!bits!available!from!the!HC11.! ! The!next!task!was!to!design!a!digital!to!analog!converter.!The!decision!was!made!to!use! digital!potentiometers!and!update!the!wiper!position!periodically!to!create!the!waveform.! This!idea!was!chosen!over!an!RC2R!resistor!ladder!due!to!cost.!The!cost!of!the! potentiometer!chip!was!approximately!30%!cheaper!than!implementing!an!8!bit!RC2R! ladder!with!1%!resistors.! ! Software& Once!the!hardware!was!designed,!the!next!task!was!to!write!software!that!not!only! controlled!the!hardware,!but!also!allowed!the!user!to!input!the!sequence.!! ! The!software!also!used!an!8Cbit!linear!feedback!shift!register!to!create!the!random! sequence.!It!was!decided!that!to!save!the!cost!of!additional!hardware!to!create!a!shift! register,!the!software!utilized!the!built!in!function!of!the!microprocessor!to!create!a!linear! feedback!shift!register.!Although!the!cost!is!miniscule!for!one!unit,!in!mass!production,!the! savings!are!tremendous.! ! 5! !  ! Four!modes!of!gameplay!were!implemented!into!the!system:! • Easy!mode:!The!beginner!mode!played!only!the!square!waves!–!a!total!of!four!tones! • Medium!mode:!The!medium!mode!played!all!available!notes!and!waveforms!–!a! total!of!12!tones! • Hard!mode:!The!hard!mode!plays!only!the!square!waves!like!the!easy!mode,!but! without!the!LEDs!lighting! • Just!Notes!mode:!Just!notes!mode!allows!the!user!to!push!the!buttons!and!play!the! corresponding!tones!and!waveforms!without!having!to!play!in!a!game!mode.! ! ! Management&Plan& Included!is!a!Gantt!chart!that!shows!the!project!timeline!and!its!completion!and!the!project! budget!summary.! ! As!previously!reported,!there!was!one!week!of!dead!time!due!to!some!internal!issues!with! accounting!personnel.!All!personnel!involved!have!been!relieved!of!their!employment.!! ! The!schedule!has!completed!within!the!specified!deadline.! ! Chart!1:!Project!Management!Timeline!and!Completion!Dates.! 11/6! 11/13! 11/20! 11/27! HARDWARE!PHASE! HARDWARE!DESIGN! CIRCUIT!BOARD!DESIGN! CIRCUIT!TESTING! FBI!INVESTIGATION! CIRCUIT!CONSTRUCTION! SOFTWARE!PHASE! SOFTWARE!DESIGN! SOFTWARE!DEVELOPMENT! SOFTWARE!DEVELOPMENT!CONT.! SOFTWARE!TESTING! ! ! ! 6!  ! ! Table!1:!Budget!Summary! !! !! Personnel& !! Engineering! !! ! Other&Direct&Expenses& !! Travel! !! Supplies! !! Communication! !! Computer!Services! !! !! ! Overhead& !! ! Contingency&and&Profit& !! !! ! !! !! Senior!Engineer! Hardware!Engineers! Software!Engineers! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! Total:& !! !! !! !! !! !! Total:& !! Budget&Summary& !! &&$90,232.00& !! !! !$1,200.00!! !$2,500.00!! !$800.00!! !$1,500.00!! &$6,000.00&& !! &$74,562.00&& !! !$34,400.00&& !! !$199,194.00&& !! !! !! !Total:! !! Engineering&Personnel&Detail& !$22,978.00!! $34,186.00!! $33,068.00!! &$90,232.00&& ! Results& The!design!of!the!hardware!began!with!choosing!the!components.!Once!the!parts!were! chosen!and!assembled,!the!circuit!was!tested!to!ensure!that!it!was!able!to!communicate! with!the!processor!as!designed.!No!issues!were!found!with!the!hardware.! ! During!the!design!of!the!software,!it!was!discovered!that!there!was!a!debounce!issue!with! the!switches.!Although,!there!was!no!issue!aurally!with!the!switches,!the!processor!was! able!to!pick!up!multiple!pressing!of!the!switch,!although!it!was!pressed!only!once.! ! This!problem!was!solved!with!software,!rather!than!by!hardware,!to!save!on!the!cost!of! additional!components.!Again,!the!single!cost!of!the!additional!hardware!is!insignificant,! but!the!mass!production!costs!would!grow!significantly.!A!small!delay,!unnoticeable!to!a! human,!was!added!to!the!end!of!each!sequence!to!find!if!a!switch!was!pressed!before! 7! !  ! looking!again,!which!solved!the!debounce!issue.!By!approaching!the!solution!with!software,! rather!than!by!hardware,!there!was!no!additional!cost.! ! ! Conclusions& Mobile!Systems!contracted!embedded!Systems!United!for!the!design!and!development!of! an!HC11!musical!memory!system.!The!system!was!to!utilize!12!switches!and!create!four! tones!by!way!of!three!different!waveforms!–!sawCtooth,!sine,!and!square!waveforms.!A! random!sequence!of!up!to!25!notes!was!to!be!played!requiring!the!user!to!replicate!that! sequence.! ! The!project!met!no!major!complications!that!threatened!its!completion.!Only!two!minor! complications!arose!–!both!met!with!satisfying!results.!The!project!was!completed!on!the! agreed!upon!date.! ! The!HC11!musical!memory!game!system!has!completed!on!time.!All!of!the!required! specifications!were!accomplished.!All!the!known!issues!from!testing!the!device!have!been! solved!and!the!device!is!ready!for!production.! ! ! 8!  ! Appendix&1&–&Schematic& S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S12 U5 PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 CS1 4 U3B 6 5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1D 2D 3D 4D 5D 6D 7D 8D 1 11 OE CLK 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 5Q 6Q 7Q 8Q 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 74HCT574N 74HCT08 U4 R/W * CS2 74HCT14 U1 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 11 PC5 PC6 PC7 OE1 12 OE2 1 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Y8 Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 R10 R9 1kΩ R1 1kΩ 1kΩ 74HTC541 R5 330Ω R6 560Ω R7 560Ω R8 560Ω LED1 LED2 LED3 LED4 LED5 LED6 LED7 LED8 LED9 LED10 LED11 LED12 Q1 U2 PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 PC6 PC7 CS0 1 R/W * 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1D 2D 3D 4D 5D 6D 7D 8D 1 11 OE CLK 1Q 2Q 3Q 4Q 5Q 6Q 7Q 8Q 74HCT574N U3A 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 BS170 Q2 BS170 3 74HCT08 Q3 BS170 ! 9! !  ! U5 SS* SCK M OSI ~CS SCK SDI VSS P1B P1W P1A W AVE2 OC3 VDD SDO ~SHDN ~WP P0B P0W P0A M ISO W AVE1 OC2 MCP4261-103E U6 SS1* SCK M OSI ~CS SCK SDI VSS P1B P1W P1A VDD SDO ~SHDN ~WP P0B P0W P0A M ISO W AVE3 OC5 MCP4261-103E ! U8A 11 3 W AVE1 R9 1 2 1kΩ LM324N 4 R16 Ground:!!! !!U5/U6!C!! !!U7!C!! ! !!U8A,B,CC!! 5V:! !!U5/U6!C!! !!U7!C!! ! !!U8A,B,CC! VSS!! GRND1,!GRND2! Pin!11! VDD,!~SHDN,!~WP! Vp! Pin!4! 1kΩ U8C 11 U7 10 W AVE2 R10 C1 8 IN+ 9 1kΩ 0.47µF LM324N 4 1kΩ 11 1kΩ VC OUTn.c. GND2 R15 8Ω Speaker OUT+ TDA7052A VCC 5V U8B 5 W AVE3 GND1 R13 10kΩ R17 R11 Vp 7 6 4 R14 LM324N 50k R18 1kΩ ! 30% ! 10!  ! Appendix&2&–&Output&Waveforms& ! Figure!1:!Square!Wave! ! 11! ! !  ! ! Figure!2:!Saw^Tooth!Wave! ! ! ! 12!  ! ! Figure!3:!Sine!Wave! ! 13! ! !  ! Appendix&3&–&Block&Diagram& ! Figure!4:!Block!Diagram! ! 14!